The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman - 790 Words

King 1 Alicia King ENGL 1100 The Yellow Wallpaper Symbolism In The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman creates a narrator who rents out a mansion in the summer with her husband. The main reason for their summer retreat is because the narrator is â€Å"ill† and suffering from what her husband calls â€Å"a slight hysterical tendency.† The narrator’s husband places her in a big airy sunlit room with hideous yellow wallpaper asserting she be confined to bed rest. As time goes by, the woman becomes infatuated with the yellow wallpaper claiming that there’s a woman enclosed in the pattern. I’m arguing that the wallpaper plays a role in symbolism. In my opinion, it represents how the narrator suffers from the oppression of her husband and the feeling of being trapped. Right off the bat you can already tell that the husband, John, is the dominant figure in the narrator’s relationship. Playing the obedient wife that she is, the narrator happily acquiesces to everything John advices; I mean he is a certified doctor. It may seem obvious, but I think his dominance over his wife is a bit hostile at certain moments. The narrator states, â€Å"If a physician of high standing, and one’s own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression—a slight hysterical tendency—what is one to do?... Personally, I disagree with their ideas†¦Ã¢â‚¬  From the diagnosis bestowed upon her from John, he is the one with the final say so and she feelsShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman885 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a stigma around mental illness and feminism. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the 19 00’s. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† has many hidden truths within the story. The story was an embellished version her own struggle with what was most likely post-partum depression. As the story progresses, one can see that she is not receiving proper treatment for her depression and thus it is getting worse. Gilman uses the wallpaper and what she sees in it to symbolize her desire to escapeRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesHumans are flawed individuals. Although flaws can be bad, people learn and grow from the mistakes made. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, gives one a true look at using flaws to help one grow. Gilman gives her reader’s a glimpse into what her life would have consisted of for a period of time in her life. Women were of little importance other than to clean the house and to reproduce. This story intertwines the reality of what the lives of woman who w ere considered toRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1362 Words   |  6 Pagesas freaks. In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, both of these elements are present. Gilman did a wonderful job portraying how women are not taken seriously and how lightly mental illnesses are taken. Gilman had, too, had firsthand experience with the physician in the story. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s believes that there really was no difference in means of way of thinking between men or women is strongly. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story about a woman whoRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1547 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilman s career as a leading feminists and social activist translated into her writing as did her personal life. Gilman s treatment for her severe depression and feelings of confinement in her marriage were paralleled by the narrator in her shorty story, The Yellow Wall paper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her parents, Mary Fitch Perkins and Fredrick Beecher Perkins, divorced in 1869. Her dad, a distinguished librarian and magazine editorRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman2032 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a poem about women facing unequal marriages, and women not being able to express themselves the way they want too. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860, and died in 1935. This poem was written in 1892. When writing this poem, women really had no rights, they were like men’s property. So writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† during this time era, was quite shocking and altered society at the time. (Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the Feminization ofRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman904 Words   |  4 Pagescom/us/definiton/americaneglish/rest-cure?q=rest+cure). Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper as a reflection of series of events that happened in her own life. Women who fought the urge to be the typical stereotype were seen as having mental instabilities and were considered disobedient. The societal need for women to conform to the standards in the 1800s were very high. They were to cook, clean and teach their daughters how to take care of the men. Gilman grew up without her father and she vowedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman999 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a story of a woman s psychological breakdown, which is shown through an imaginative conversation with the wallpaper. The relationship between the female narrator and the wallpaper reveals the inner condition of the narrator and also symbolically shows how women are oppressed in society. The story, read through a feminist lens, reflects a woman s struggle against the patriarchal power structure. In the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses the wallpaperRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthat wallpaper as I did?† the woman behind the pattern was an image of herself. She has been the one â€Å"stooping and creeping.† The Yellow Wallpaper was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the story, three characters are introduced, Jane (the narrator), John, and Jennie. The Yellow Wallpaper is an ironic story that takes us inside the mind and emotions of a woma n suffering a slow mental breakdown. The narrator begins to think that another woman is creeping around the room behind the wallpaper, attemptingRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesThe dignified journey of the admirable story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† created by Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s, gave the thought whether or not the outcome was influenced by female oppression and feminism. Female oppression and feminist encouraged a series of women to have the freedom to oppose for their equal rights. Signified events in the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† resulted of inequality justice for women. Charlotte Perkins Gilman gave the reader different literary analysis to join the unjustifiableRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1704 Words   |  7 PagesEscaping The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) whom is most acclaimed for her short story The Yellow Wallpaper (1891) was a women’s author that was relatively revolutionary. Gilman makes an appalling picture of captivity and confinement in the short story, outlining a semi-personal photo of a young lady experiencing the rest cure treatment by her spouse, whom in addition to being her husband was also her therapist. Gilman misused the rest cure in The Yellow Wallpaper to alarm other

Drug Addiction The United States - 2115 Words

Addictions in the United States Audience Analysis Paper Summary of Survey Results The purpose of our survey was to gain insight into our audience’s attitudes and beliefs about addictions in the United States. Our audience consisted of 24 respondents, aged approximately between 18 and 22. These respondents had approximately two weeks to complete our survey. The survey consisted of seven Likert-scale questions, each with a number of sub-questions. All 24 respondents completed this survey. These questions focused specifically on pornography addiction, food addiction, and prescription drug addiction. The following seven questions will be specifically focused on in this analysis paper. These questions yielded both significant and†¦show more content†¦To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements: # Question Strongly Disagree Disagree Neither Agree nor Disagree Agree Strongly Agree Total Responses Mean 2 I believe that it is possible for people to become addicted to food. 0 0 2 19 3 24 4.04 The results of this question are as follows: †¢ 0% of respondents strongly disagreed †¢ 0% of respondents disagreed †¢ 8% of respondents neither agreed nor disagreed †¢ 79% of respondents agreed †¢ 13% of respondents strongly agreed QUESTION 6. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements: # Question Strongly Disagree Disagree Neither Agree nor Disagree Agree Strongly Agree Total Responses Mean 1 I could never become a prescription pill addict. 2 9 1 7 5 24 3.17 The results of this question are as follows: †¢ 8%

Why was there a revolution in March 1917 Free Essays

Russia was a very backward country compared with the other European countries. There were few factories before 1890 and there had been little industrial development in Russia. By 1990, however, many peasants were leaving the countryside to work in the towns and industry made twice as much in 1990 as in 1890. We will write a custom essay sample on Why was there a revolution in March 1917? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This meant that towns like Moscow and StPetersburg grew up quickly. In these towns grew slums where the working class, that had previously not existed at all, lived. The increased population of the towns meant there was more pressure on Russia’s farmers to produce more food, which could not be done with the medieval farming methods still in use. In other words Russia was in the middle of an industrial revolution when the Tsar was forced to abdicate in 1917. All other European countries had been through the same process, but without such a drastic side effect. Whereas in England and France the government had changed to accommodate the needs of the new social order, in Russia these changes had been used as an excuse to get rid of the Tsar. Therefore, it was largely the Tsar’s inadequacy as a ruler and the mistakes he made that led to a revolution in 1917. Tsar Nicholas was not a strong ruler and was out of touch with the needs and realities of his country. He himself was extremely wealthy and surrounded by only the good things in life, and associated only with the aristocracy. He ruled as an autocrat, unaided by any parliament. Nicholas succeeded in keeping power by the secret police, the Okhrana, military power and censorship of the press. Nicholas believed he was chosen by God. Influenced by one of his ministers, Pobedonostev, he forced the Russian Orthodox religion on other ethnic groups, especially the Jews, and on the people in schools, the army and work places. This made him even more unpopular than before, with his use of terror to oppress his people. In 1905, there was nearly another revolution. The causes of that demonstrated the bad feeling against the Tsar, as did the number of anti-government publications when censorship was relaxed in 1903, and the strikes and demands when the Tsar tried to set up government-approved unions. In 1904 Tsar Nicholas tried to unite his country by going to war with Japan over parts of the crumbling Chinese Empire. This led to many humiliating defeats and a display of Russian incompetence in organisation. This further increased the bad feeling towards the Tsar. All these, coupled with failed harvests and low wages, resulted in a peaceful protest on 22 January 1905, which was led by Father Gapon. Father Gapon organised a strike and a petition that requested better working conditions, an elected parliament and an end to war. He marched with the workers to present the petition to the Tsar at the winter palace, not knowing that he had left the day before. When they arrived at the palace, the soldiers turned on the crowd and started firing. That day became known as ‘Bloody Sunday’. In the same year, the Tsar’s uncle was shot, there was an increase in peasant riots, there was mutiny on the battleship Potemkin, printers went on strike and there was a general strike where practically everything closed down towards the end of the year. Tsar Nicholas survived the events of 1905 because then and afterwards the army supported him, and made sure that by March 1906 all revolution was crushed and its leaders were either dead, exiled or in hiding. Nicholas was lucky in that the great massof peasants blamed the land owners and not himself, and that censorship of the newspapers was still in place. He also protected himself by agreeing to the October Manifesto. This was a list of promises given by the Tsar that was drawn up by Witte. Included in it were promises for a Duma or parliament elected by the people, civil rights, uncensored press and the right to form political parties. This was successful in taking pressure off the Tsar and secured the middle class’s support of the government. It did not, however, satisfy the revolutionaries and later on it appeared that they were right in regarding the Manifesto with suspicion. Although there was freedom of expression, newspapers were fined if they printed anything offending the Tsar, and the Duma was so limited that it was virtually ineffective. In it the proletariat and the peasants were highly under-represented. Even so the Tsar failed to accept it as a governing body and it was only by the time of the fourth Duma that he begun to work with it. After 1905, life did begin to change in Russia and a key figure responsible for these changes was Stolypin, the Prime Minister appointed by the Tsar. He used the army to exert the Tsar’s power in the countryside by setting up military courts that could sentence and hang a person on the spot. The hangman’s noose became known as Stolypin’s necktie. The terror this caused was heightened by the still-active Okhrana that had many informers. People were required to carry internal passports and travellers to register with the police of the area they were staying in. In 1911, Stolypin affected changes in the countryside to make agriculture more productive. Peasants could buy land from their neighbours with money borrowed from a peasant’s bank set up by Stolypin. The aim in this was to create a wealthy class of peasants loyal to the government, kulaks. 15% took up this offer and Stolypin’s theory appeared to have worked with record harvests in 1913. The poorer peasants became labourers or factory workers. Four million were encouraged to cultivate land along the Trans-Siberian railway but found that it was already taken by rich land speculators. They then returned, angry, to European Russia. In the towns there was an industrial boom that meant production increased by 100% between 1906 and 1914. The workers, however, did not benefit from this increase with the average wage being under what it was in 1903. In 1912, an important strike took place in the Lena goldfields in Siberia that led to 170 dead workers and 375 wounded. This had a similar effect to Bloody Sunday and gave way to many workers’ protests. These changes affected some, even if very little, improvements in Russia and would have led to more had had they not been interrupted by the First World War. The war meant that the fourth Duma had to be dismissed, just when the Tsar had begun accepting it. However, at first the war seemed good for Russia; initially there were successes and the people supported the Tsar but even at first the similarities to the Russo-Japanese war were obvious, except that the effects would be far worse as it would be a far longer war, giving the Tsar more time to make mistakes. The early enthusiasm for the war dwindled quickly as losses mounted high. The soldiers went to the front without proper warfare or equipment as basic as boots for the cold and wet. They blamed their officers for their ill organisation. Life was hard in the towns also. There was little food and what there was, was sent to the soldiers but often did not get to them. People were starving in the cities and there were huge bread queues. Prices went up as there was a shortage of nearly everything but the workers’ wages did not. Coal was unavailable and as the factories closed. People were hungry, cold and unemployed. Morale also dropped as stories from the front told of misery and defeat. In September 1915 Tsar Nicholas made a great mistake by taking over the running of the war. This was such a massive error because the people now blamed him for the suffering brought about by the war. It also meant that he left Russia in the hands of Rasputin and Alexandra. The Tsarina was not popular as she was thought to be a German spy and Rasputin was infamous fir his behaviour. Together they replaced the able ministers of the Duma with favourites or men that would do as they were told. The Tsar lost support continually until March 1917 as he was held responsible for the war and things it had caused. By March 1917 the proletariat did not only want their physical needs satisfied but they also wanted political change. On the seventh forty thousand workers from the Putilov engineering works went on strike in Petrograd. The next day they were joined in their demonstrations by thousands of women. Over the next few days men and women demanded food, fuel and better conditions together. On the twelfth soldiers joined the strikers and marched with them to the Duma. Instead of shooting at the crowds, they shot at their officers. The Tsar had lost the support of the army. The Tsar could not survive revolution this time. He had lost the support of the army that had been very important to him in keeping control by suppressing any opposition. Underneath him the people had always been divided into different political factions but this time only a portion of the aristocracy supported him. On 15 March, the railway workers did not allow the Tsar’s train into Petrograd. Certain army officials entered the Tsar’s compartment to ask him to abdicate but the Tsar had already decided to do this in favour of his brother as his son’s medical condition meant that there would be added difficulty to his ruling. However, Russia had had enough of the Tsars. Some people think that abdication was the biggest mistake of all as it meant certain ruination for the Romanovs. The 1917 revolution was the result of a combination of factors. In the short term, the First World War was an important cause, but there was a growing dissatisfaction with the Tsarist regime and the economic and social hardships it caused, that nearly boiled over in 1905. Everything that ever happened or did not happen in Russia could be shown as a reason for it but what made it so significant was what happened after the overthrowing of the Tsar with the Provisional Government and Lenin. How to cite Why was there a revolution in March 1917?, Papers

Iran Country Assessment free essay sample

The Islamic Republic of Iran is a country governed by a regime that began with a revolution headed by Ayatollah Khomeini over two decades ago. Khomeini was the first to label the United States as the ‘Great Satan. ’ Although the Iranian government denies it, terrorism has been actively supported, both materially and morally, for years by Iran and Iran supports efforts damaging to the U. S. If the more extreme elements in Iran continue to hold power and arm themselves with nuclear weapons, the international repercussions would be far-reaching. Understanding of Iran is important for members of the U. S. Armed Forces in order to comprehend the scope of Iran’s extremist’s leanings. On the other hand, many of Iran’s citizens love the United States and are resentful of Iran’s oppressive regime. The anti democracy and hindrance of personal liberty have taken a large toll on the Iranian youth. We will write a custom essay sample on Iran Country Assessment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Iran’s younger generation has put forth a lot of resistance against this oppressive regime. Over two thirds of Iran’s population is under the age of 30, which is good from an operational standpoint. This massive amount of young people generally feels that there is hope to moderate if not remove the oppressive regime. Recently a few young Iranians have been frustrated to the point of actively demonstrating against the regime. It is also important to mention many younger Iranians want improved relations with the United States. Most urban Iranians have access to the Internet and satellite television and are able to compare their standard of living with that of the United States and Western Europe. The Kurdish people believe that they are a nation in itself that are deserving of a sovereign homeland. After the formation of the Islamic Republic of Iran, many Kurdish sided with the Iranian leftist and protested against Ayatollah Khomeini and his regime. In 1979, the Kurdish formed a rebellion, which ended with thousands of Kurdish dead. Shortly after this, Khomeini centered his power and banded Kurds from serving in government office and greatly enforced freedom of expression. The Party of Free Life of Kurdistan is a militant group that is based out of Iraq but has been consistently performing operations in Iran. Iran has prepared to conduct military action against the group and has moved a large portion of Iran’s military to Kurdistan to hinder the uprising of the militant group. The Party of Free Life of Kurdistan would be a great asset to possible future operation in Kurdistan. The party is semi supportive of the United States but will most likely be more than willing to help in U. S operations in Iran due to their long-term goal of destroying the regime. Iran is a tough operational problem set due to their advanced military and technical power. Operations in Iran should be focused on using the people of Iran to include the youth and Kurdish people. Intelligence operations would be better suited for using Iran’s youth because they are more supportive of the Untied States and have the ability to work in Iran’s government and military. The Kurdish are not trusted in the government and would not be able to provide accurate intelligence. Operations should be held out of North East Iraq due to the likelihood of Iraq cooperating with the United States during operations. Iraq has a large portion of Kurdistan and it would be easy to work with the Kurds right out of Iraq. Iran and Iraq have a long history of war which only furthers Iraqs likelihood of helping the U. S. Iran is a very dynamic and technologically advanced country, which presents many intelligence issues. The help of Kurdistan, Iranian youth and Iraq would greatly increase the likelihood of operational success in Iran.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism essays

Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism essays Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism Federalism is a system where final decisions are dispersed among local governments representing specific and sometimes overlapping geographical areas. These governmental units have, as constituents, people of different social, political, moral and economic persuasions. Together with the idea of locally elected officials, self government, and diversity of interests, the federal system can be susceptible to manipulation by narrow local interests and legislation diluted by compromise at the expense of national or regional interests. On the other hand the strength of the federal system lies in its ability to provide access to governmental decision making by those affected. It provides power to all levels of government, requires political flexibility and protects individual liberty. As James Madison argues in the Federalist papers: the smaller the unit of government, the easier it would be for a single interest to dominate it. But these units in a large republic would be so many that they would actually provide more opportunities for relevant issues to be recognized and heard. The system of federal government has, therefore, resulted in a disparity in equality and participation. Citizens are treated differently depending on where they live and the dominating sentiments. Criteria for welfare, legal sanctions, spending programs are quite different among the states and sometimes even among counties. Thus, it was not wholly irrational that blacks were treated differently in the south than in the north, even after emancipation. But these differences are a result of participation in the decision-making process, albeit for conflicting and opposite results. On the up side, there is a competition of sorts among the states in the area of public policy, a market place of social experimentation. Some states are far ahead than others in changing social policy to serve the needs of it ...

Summary of Federation #10 essays

Summary of Federation #10 essays James Madisons Federalist #10 was somewhat confusing, but in laymen terms it basically stated the factions actions towards the Federalist Government, causes of the actions, and solutions. The factions were the countryside attempts to overpower the Federal Government by the states. As Federalist #10 stated (translated in laymen terms), the importance of keeping the Union together, and not having it break due to violence, deserves careful examination, all of which, while respecting the values of the principles of liberty. Madison proclaimed two methods of curing the mischief of the factions, which were to remove its cause, and by controlling its effects. To control the effects would be nearly impossible, due to the size of the factions, and would surely lead to the fall of the Union by a civil war. The only way was to change its cause, to change the government. Madison set his sites on creating a more powerful Federal Government, one for and by the people; however, such a governm ent did not exist. It was Madisons goal to set out to make America a more perfect union. The Federalist #10 brought new rights for the common man, such as statesmen having no more rights than the average American, all men are to be judges by peers, and not by the bias, and lastly, all money earned is money kept. Although these thoughts were not the backbone of the American Constitution, they are a solid foundation of what America stands for; a nation created by the people, for the people. ...

Employee Relation E-portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employee Relation E-portfolio - Essay Example Equally important, I have realized that gone are the days when workers could depend on the trade unions and employers to look after their welfare, while they focused more on their careers. This is because with the shortage in employees’ skills and knowledge, today’s working environment has become tougher. Besides, today’s employment patterns have undergone significant changes. To illustrate, nowadays, most employees are focussing on setting career goals that are short term, while they constantly update their skills in order to grasp the available opportunities. This paradigm shift has been caused by the recruitment behaviours of organizations, governments, and other agencies. As such, it is arguably true that over the recent years, the idea of job satisfaction and organizational career success has taken a broad twist, as many employees no longer depend on a regular promotions within a single organization. Comparatively, I have come to learn that present day employees are focussing on developing their organizational skills and knowledge in a way that they will become valuable members of an organization. Hence, in a bid to increase the organizational performance as well as decrease employment costs, many companies have adopted the use of temporary employees thus changing their employment patterns. By using the temps, the company does not only save on the salary costs arising from fewer benefits and lower wages, but also in the underlying fact that the organization will relatively use fewer resources in training the temps. In addition, using the temps has allowed companies to become more flexible since the management has the capability of terminating the work relationship whenever the need arises. This session was highly educative as it provided me with quite a huge bank of knowledge more pertaining the bargaining rights of employees. I also realized that today, a number of countries have adopted newer forms and

Nissan United Kingdom Ltd Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nissan United Kingdom Ltd - Case Study Example At the onset of the distributorship agreement, the two companies enjoyed a significantly good relationship. Nissan M.C took more time to observe and influence the operations of Datsun U.K, encouraging it to reinvest its profit. It even amended the automatic renewal clause of the distribution agreement and increased it from three years to five years. The relationship between the three main leaders, Octav Botnar of Datsun U.K., chairman Katsuji Kawamata and president Takashi Ishihara of Nissan M.C was healthy. The leadership style adopted by both Nissan U.K and Nissan M.CThe abrasive leadership style of Botnar was the mean reason behind the success of Datsun U.K. Similarly the leadership provided by Takashi Ishihara, the president of Nissan M.C was supportive. Botnar could refer any operational difficulties he faced directly to Ishihara. This provided a conducive environment for the growth of both companies. While Bonnar's leadership was aggressive, Ishihara’s management decisio n-making was purely on seniority. This meant that those with more seniority got to work in more important roles. This is another key issue evident in the study here. An establishment of a new manufacturing facility in the U.K was motivated by the strong market in the U.K. The negotiations began in early in the mid-1980s between Octav Botnar, Nissan M.C officials and the U.K minister of state. By end of 1986 operations began in Sunderland. The new stanza model was the first to be made here and by 1993 the annual turnover was 300,000 cars.

Low risk 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Low risk 1 - Essay Example If his right to grant remission in such cases were despised, the guilt would remain entirely unforgiven.   This means the Pope has no power to remit sins. Only God can remit sins. What the Pope can do here is only to declare to a person that God has remitted their sins. Therefore, when the pope offers the sacrament of penance, he does not effect the penance himself, but lets the penitent know that God has remitted their guilt. This shows it is only God, who has the power to remove a person’s sins. The Pope has no power to remove sin. What the Pope can do in this case, is only offer the sacrament of penance, after a person humbles and accepts their sins before the pope. However, the real penance comes from God. Canon law, including the penitential laws only applies to the living and not the dead. Therefore, the dead souls in the purgatory are not under the judgement of penitential canons. This means the Pope has no power to remit the penalties owed by the souls in the purgatory, since the penitential laws do not apply to them. Either way, in case the souls in the purgatory have any remorse, this is outside the power of the pope, and there is nothing he can do. This means when a person dies, they are released from penalties. The canon law then no longer holds them. The dead, by virtue of being dead are entitled to freedom from all penalties, and this release from penalties is owed to God, and not to the Pope. Therefore, the Pope has no power to free the dead from their penalties, as God is responsible for

Online Ordering System Of Dominos Pizza Information Technology Essay

Online Ordering System Of Dominos Pizza Information Technology Essay Definition : Online food ordering services are websites local restaurants and food cooperatives set up for customers to select from the interactive menus provided so as the ordering process can take place. In order for ordering to take place, any sorts of internet capable devices which support complex web pages are used. People normally use computers to access into the food websites and place an order. Similar to ordering consumer goods online, online food ordering services also allows customers to keep accounts with them in order to make frequent ordering convenient. A customer will search for a favourite restaurant, browse from items available, and select delivery or pick-up. Payments could be made via credit card or cash. Partial of the payment will be given to the online food company. While e-commerce has been around for over a decade, closing the gap between food and the Internet has taken longer. The first restaurants to adopt online food ordering services were corporate franchises such as Dominos and Papa Johns. Other pizza franchises such as Pizza Hut have been quick to adopt online food ordering. Function: Food ordering online is becoming a norm for restaurants which offer takeout and delivery orders. Food ordering online is designed as it is cost effective yet an efficient system to satisfy the restaurants needs. The system is also designed for its ultimate flexibility and performance. The customers will be able to access into the company existing website and browse at their menu and select and place their orders on what they desire. Once they have completed their order, the system will either email or fax the customers order to the restaurant. The online ordering system also enables customers to order days beforehand and the system will execute the order at the specified time. The system has been built to handle large amounts of traffic simultaneously to prevent a system overload. This system is also flexible in a way, whereby customers are able to place online orders quickly, with just a click comparing to the tradition where orders were taken through the phone. More time and cost will be saved ordering online as a phone bill is charged according to the time the phone is on the line. The system was used intended to meet the requirements of all of the clients. With the online order system, the company could save on labour cost as less people are needed in operating the website, instead of people operating a restaurant. With the internet, there will be fewer errors on the orders or miscommunication amongst the customers and the person taking orders. Besides, it provides timely service. The software examines all food orders prior to the completion and corrects human errors.   Also, with this system, the registration of online guests is utilized to create valuable marketing campaigns.   Internet database Online ordering is easy and convenient yet they have more to improve on their online ordering system. It is good that online ordering system has linked the customers information with the database of the system which facilitates the ordering of customers. In addition, customers information could be tracked easily from their database rapidly if they are regular customers. Advantage With the escort in of the 21st century, many people have found out that it is basically easier to purchase items online. This depends on the consumers preferences. Some people feel unsecure buying items online because they cannot have physical touch or sight with the items they wish to buy. In this case, some people prefer to have the pizza straight from the oven when it is served. Online purchasing provides additional customer service. They not only provide goods, but also provide extra services, such as delivery to the destination that they have requested for. Online purchasing eliminates order taking errors. Customers can view the entire menu and all special offers via official website though online. The system records customers orders when purchasing has taken place. Extra services for example like estimated delivery and carryout times are provided to customers. When ordering via online, even during a busy period such as lunch or dinner time, customers would not have a problem in contacting them and placing their orders. The customers just need to order via online and the system will automatically generate and put it on queue. Online ordering records and stores past records of orders made and allows the customers to view them anytime during their online ordering session. These records will store at the database. The biggest advantage to ordering online, that the customer can save a lot of time and effort. Customers can choose to complete their orders within seconds or take their time and finish when they want. There are no time limits for them to complete their orders, thus, customers can take up any amount of time to order. Instead of planning out time in daily schedule to go out and make a purchase, the consumer can instead go to the web-site when they have a free moment at work or at home late at night, and look up the product that the customers are considering to purchase. They view the full menu and can order any combination of food while the prices are displayed and calculated as they go. It is much easier to make large and complex orders online because they have the ability to be patient, consider their options, and calculate different pricing schemes. Consequently, a customer can use that to their advantage and only do businesses with sites that will help put their transactions through quickly and thoroughly. Addition to that, the advantage of online purchasing is the ability to look at products late at night. Even though the stores have closed for the night, customers can place orders for the next day while the web-site still remains available to make purchases. This means that even after a long day at work, and coming home to deal with the family, the customer still have time left to go online and look for the product they want to purchase. The Internet is there is open 24 hours 7 days, and is always willing to wait for customer to come make a purchase. By going online, the customer do not have to worry about the hassles, such as when they decide that it is time to check out, they do not have to waste the extra time queuing in line. By ordering online, the customer can also take advantage of deals that are only offered to online customers, and often find products that wouldnt be available at a walk in store and special offers are given to online customers. In addition, online ordering increases customer visiting the Dominos Pizza official website. It also gains customer satisfaction and loyalty throughout the company. Due to its convenience of online purchasing service, customer purchase frequency also may increase . The company eliminated or reduced labor costs associated with manual order taking due to technology computerize replaced labor usage. For the Domino Pizza Company, the online ordering system accepts both online and traditional coupons to attract more customers. Mackay(2008) claimed that Customers who order on the web tend to order more because they have a menu in front of them. Customers who order online are proven to order more per order because they dont feel rushed while purchasing, as they often do over the phone. An Online Ordering website guarantees that the message, promotions and add-on offers are communicated to the customers and rely less on employees. Also, time is saved by not having to key the order into the Point Of Sale System. Between that, fewer mistakes occur during online ordering pizza. Online Ordering provides the perfect solution for office lunch orders. Orders can be collected around the office and one person can enter the orders into the website without the hassle of calling it in. They can take their time and get it right. There are several ways in which online food ordering from a restaurant may occur. A restaurant can have its own website with easy features for placing an order for pick-up or delivery. Some add a third option of being able to make reservations. Instead of calling for a delivery, people just access the Internet, head to the restaurant site and make their order. In financial factor, online ordering system increase the efficiency and cost effectiveness of the ordering operations. For the advertisement, it can create easily or upload promotions to the online ordering site. For instance, this system can increase the customers guest check automatically by customer email by suggesting upcoming sells for additional products. Online ordering increases in sales of goods in the Domino Pizza Company. Disadvantages The trend of shopping online, especially ordering pizza online has gradually been significant in the last decade and online sellers are expected to have improvements on the volume of sales after website features and services altered. There is no doubt that the customers can find great deals online and so many different products which may not be even available in regular stores. By the way, there are certain disadvantages of online ordering. Normally when we shop from a regular store, we can go directly to a sales person face-to-face to enquire and clarify our doubts regarding the food we ordering. It is possible that customers would have a wrong idea of what the products and services is about as the customers and the employee cannot deal face-to-face for a clear explanation. The chances of mishandling the package are volatile. There is a possibility that shipping abroad will damage the presentation of the food that customers ordered and the customer realize it after opening it when the package was delivered and that the person delivering it has already left as food could be very fragile. Another disadvantage is that a lot of companies which sells online state that customers have to pay for the shipping and delivery charges depending on the weight of the product the customer orders. Only a few companies with websites offer free shipping services while some companies provides free shipping services only if the customer has a total purchase of prices exceeding a certain amount. The shipment fee charged often is one of the reasons that customers would not like to order goods online as it is more expensive and does not guarantee that the goods delivered will be in good shape. However, a company must consider on the target market they would like to focus on promoting their products and services to. The elderly are most unlikely to order goods online due to their knowledge of operating a computer. Therefore, if the target market includes the elderly, a traditional service has to be provided to them. Online connectivity issues are the greatest disadvantage for online ordering. The customers add items in online shopping cart, enter information and press submit. The confirmation screen might time out when the internet has an unstable connection. The online customers would not know whether the order has been made or not while reloading the page may cause several billing or several orders. Moreover, customers may also make human errors, such as ordering the incorrect item. This can occur when the customer attempts to place an order. The customer may have accidentally clicked on the wrong item while placing their orders through the website. Even if the consumer clicks on the correct product and provides an accurate product number there may still be mistake made in the ordering process if there are options associated with the item. This problem can be rather disturbing because the consumer will get agitated when the incorrect item is received and therefore, loses customers loyalty towards the company. Another disadvantage is that purchasing online would mean that personal information has to be given to the company when purchasing is taken place. Some companies take advantage of this feature. By purchasing on the Internet, the customer would have to take the risk of having their information taken by online companies and misused. Though this is a very rare occurrence, it is more likely to happen online, than in person. To avoid personal information from being exposed, customers would usually look for a trustable company to purchase goods from. More often, what people dislike about online purchasing is that delivery services are only restricted to certain areas. As a result, people living in rural areas are at a disadvantage whereby they will need to go to the destination whereby the company is able to deliver.

Essay --

Khadeeja Tarique English 1304 Austin Tremblay December 9th, 2013 Benefits of Employment in a College Student’s Life As time progresses, it seems that college students keep diving deeper into the era of technology and social media to waste time rather than work. And the students who do work usually do it solely for the money so they can survive on a regular basis. They get so blinded by this fact that they fail to see the many benefits of employment that follows. The idea of employment can be very controversial for college students, especially since they do not know what they might be getting themselves into. The fear of not being able to balance their work, school, and social life many times causes students to steer clear of the work life. Between the overcrowded work schedules and extensive school work, students and society only see the negative effects of work. They fail to see that employment is a sign of independence, maturity, wealth, and even happiness. As the tuition rates and expenses have steadily risen, more and more students are becoming pushed into the world of employment. Due to this , countless number of studies have been done to see the true impact of employment on college students. Although there may be a few negative effects, there are numerous positive effects that employment can have, such as the skills and experience the students’ gain, which can greatly benefit them in the future. Many students are afraid to even think about holding a part-time job while being a full-time student. To avoid applying for a job, they tell themselves that it will have a negative effect on their academics. Students that are well-off with their expenses, either because they have a good scholarship or because their parents cover t... ...in from it. From important working skills to real world experience, the benefits many times outweigh the downsides. Some downsides may be the work load stress or lowering of grades, but a student can always lessen the number of hours worked per week to solve that issue. Because of this, the positive aspects of part-time employment for college students can exceed the negative effects. Society imposes that part-time employment can have many negative effects on students, but one should not put the idea of working aside without looking at the upside of it. To further properly understand the effects of part-time employment, some future topics that should be focused on are the number of hours worked by students and if the job is an on campus or off campus jobs. Extended topics like this can greatly help understand what other effects part-time jobs can have on students.

Background checking

Different organizations that exist in the world today have different policies regarding the recruitment process they use to hire employees. Some organizations conduct background checks of the prospective employees as well before finally plan to hire them while some do not conduct such checks; however the criteria totally depend on the type of organization that is hiring employees. Therefore, there are always certain reasons due to which an organization decides to conduct background checks of the employees they aim to hire for their organization.Although these background checks can be an invasion of the person’s privacy but they always proves to be good not just for the organization but for the employees working in the organization as well. When a new employee is being hired, it is important for the organization to properly do the screening before taking the final decision as their decision either good or bad can have dire effects on the productivity level, the reputation of th e organization and its employees as well.(Leat, 2001). Some of the reasons why employers conduct background checks are to know whether they have a clean record and for this they check their criminal background whether the person has ever indulged in any unlawful activity or not as hiring a criminal would also make the other employees follow his footsteps. It is not always good to rely on a candidate while selection as it may also happen that he might omit some important information and this could make the company be at risk.Moreover, conducting background checks benefits the organizations in many ways as it will be able to compliance with the federal requirements, reduce the theft done by the employee as well as employee turnover and absenteeism rate should be checked with reference to the previous working experience of the employee. This will also result in better productivity and more qualified employees can be hired as the claim of the employee as to who they exactly are can be c onfirmed.To reap all these benefits and to avoid any mishaps, most of the employers do conduct background checks of their prospective employees. (HR Management, n. d. ). Reference HR Management. (n. d. ). Seven Reasons You Should be Conducting Background Checks. June 18th, 2009. Retrieved from: http://www. hrmreport. com/article/Issue-3/Employee- Screening/Seven-Reasons-You-Should-be-Conducting-Background-Checks/ Leat,M. (2001). Exploring Employee Relations. Butterworth-Heinemann.

Movie analysis to amistad essays

Movie analysis to amistad essays Were these characters alive. Were these tortured souls real. Yes, the characters in this movie are alive. These people were so real that it hurt to watch. Their suffering, their pain, and the fight to be free. These characters were alive in 1839 and are still alive today. We still hear of their tortured souls and lives. We hear of their struggle to be free and to be able to run through the wild once again. The president was real, the lawyer was real and all of those who were with and against them were real. Many sources confirm their existence so, we cant deny their existence in history. Cinque was the main character in this movie. And yes he was portrayed accurately. They showed his story ,his strength, and his weakness. They showed his will to succeed in his struggle to be free. His will to be free allowed him to learn freedom and what racism was. Cinque fought for his freedom and the freedom of his people in every way possible. Cinque was a man that was very strong. strong like a lion, like it is said in the movie. We can tell that cinque was portrayed accurately by history sources. The wars and conflicts in this movie were accurate. Many conflicts occurred in this movie . And these conflicts were occurred accurately. For example, the fight to free the slaves that were on La Amistad. Also another conflict is presidents John Quincy Adams struggle to do what is right toward the slaves. Another conflict that was accurate was the conflict between Spain and the united states. The conflict was about the slaves of La Amistad and how they should have been given to Spain, because they were on a Spanish ship. We know that these events are true because our history books tell us. Amistad was a strong film because of its dramatic plot and heroic characters. The characters were fighting for their freedom which they believed strongly in. Cinque did not subside to his betraying people and stood by his beliefs against all odds. Another ...

Disposition Essays

Disposition Essays Disposition Essay Disposition Essay ( GBP ) 1. Disposition represents soaking up, distribution, metamorphosis, and elimination of a drug in the organic structure. Absorption is circumvented in IV Fentanyl. Plasma Fentanyl is 85 % protein-bound, adhering to acid glycoprotein chiefly because Fentanyl is basic. Merely unbound drug is transferred across membranes and eliminated. Lipophilic nature allows it to quickly administer to extremely perfused tissues, including encephalon ( readily traverse blood encephalon barrier and interacts with ? opioid receptors to give analgetic consequence ) , bosom, and lungs. Volume of distribution, 280L indicates that Fentanyl is extremely tissue-bound. Degrees in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid so decline quickly owing to redistribution of Fentanyl to ill perfused tissues like musculus and fat. [ 1 ] With drawn-out or high dose disposal, fats Acts of the Apostless as terminal and prolongs consequence by easy let go ofing Fentanyl to be redistributed to encephalon. [ 1 ] As impregnation of termin al occurs, continuance consequence of drugl approaches the length plasma half life of 4 hours. Fentanyl is extensively metabolized in liver by cytochrome P450 3A4, undergoes stage 1 metamorphosis preponderantly by oxidative N-dealkylation to bring forth inactive metabolite norfentanyl, which is more H2O soluble and readily excreted in urine, therefore merely a minor sum of Fentanyl is excreted unchanged in urine. [ 2 ] Merely a little % of Fentanyl is excreted in fecal matters though this is normally negligible. [ 3 ] 2. Different preparations are available for different curative utilizations. IV fentanyl solution circumvents soaking up and beltwaies hepatic first base on balls metamorphosis. It is extensively used for anaesthesia and analgesia in surgery due to its rapid oncoming of action. [ 4 ] Fentanyl transdermic spot is used in chronic hurting direction by let go ofing drug into upper tegument beds or fats moving as terminals, which so easy spread into blood stream over 48-72 hours, holding a long plasma half life seemingly. [ 4 ] Fentanyl lozenge is used for direction of discovery hurting in malignant neoplastic disease. [ 4 ] Drug is absorbed quickly across buccal mucous membrane due to its high lipophilicity, and by avoiding hepatic first base on balls metamorphosis it has rapid oncoming of action therefore effectual for ague hurting. 3. Approximately 50 % of Fentanyl administered in lozenge is quickly absorbed from the buccal mucous membrane and becomes systemically available due to its lipophilicity and extremely vascularised, big surface country and high permeableness of the buccal pit. [ 5 ] Staying 50 % is swallowed and absorbed from tummy, so extensively undergoes hepatic first base on balls metamorphosis which cut down drug plasma degrees, holding a low bioavailability. Hence, overall observed bioavailability of fentanyl lozenge is about 65 % of the entire dosage. [ 5 ] Whereas in transdermic path, drug is delivered to bloodstream from skin beds without debasement and first base on balls metamorphosis. [ 2 ] Therefore Fentanyl lozenges are expected to hold lower bioavailability than transdermic spot. 4. Fentanyl is extensively metabolized in liver by cytochrome P450 3A4. Ritonavir, a powerful cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor reduces fentanyl clearance by suppressing metamorphosis of parent drug to more H2O soluble metabolites which are to be excreted in piss. [ 6 ] Ritonavir has higher plasma protein adhering per centum than Fentanyl, it might vie and replace Fentanyl for adhering and therefore more unbound Fentanyl is available in plasma when the plasma protein gets saturated. [ 7 ] Since both drugs are weak bases, they might vie for the same conveyance system in nephritic cannular secernment for elimination and this additions and prolongs residuary fentanyl plasma degrees. [ 8 ] Thus accompaniment usage of both drugs rises fentanyl plasma degrees. 5. Fentanyl transdermic spot is designed for long-run disposal. [ 4 ] Due to its utmost lipophilicity, drug is absorbed across the tegument to blood stream. Though riddance is every bit rapid as in IV bringing, a significant sum of drug can be stored in upper tegument beds and fats during soaking up which can move as terminals to protract fentanyl plasma degrees by easy let go ofing drug to bloodsteam for a long continuance after spot remotion. [ 4 ] Therefore taking spot does non halt continued soaking up and this corresponds to the evident long Fentanyl plasma half life of about 17 hours as compared to 4 hours in IV bringing, in which upon injection Fentanyl exert a short continuance of action due to extensively being metabolized in liver and excreted in piss. [ 1 ] 6. Liver disease can impact pharmacokinetics of opioids by cut downing plasma protein binding, metabolising enzymes activity, liver blood flow, bilious elimination and nephritic clearance. [ 9 ] All these consequence in reduced first base on balls metamorphosis and longer plasma half life of drugs and therefore an abnormally high bioavailability and drug plasma degree. Hence even normal drug doses can hold unexpected terrible side effects. Accretion of opioids over safety degree in encephalon causes CNS and respiratory depression which becomes even more terrible and may precipitate coma when reaches high toxic degree. [ 10 ] Mechanism of this consequence likely involves changes in intellectual drug receptors. [ 11 ] Hence opioids should be avoided or dose reduced in patient with liver disease. Mentions 1. Barash. Clinical Anesthesia. 6th erectile dysfunction. Lippincott Williams A ; Wilkins, 2009. Print. 2. Mellar P. Davis. Opioids in Cancer Pain. 2nd erectile dysfunction. USA: Oxford UP, 2009. Print. 3. Rita B. Labroo, and Mary F. Paine. Fentanyl Metabolism by Human Hepatic and Intestinal Cytochrome P450 3A4: Deductions for Interindividual Variability in Disposition, Efficacy, and Drug Interactions. Drug Metabolism And Disposition 25.No.9 ( 1997 ) : 1072-080. ASPET JOURNALS. Web. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/25/9/1072.full gt ; . 4. Neil L. , M.D. Schechter. Pain in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Williams A ; Wilkins, 1993. Print. 5. hypertext transfer protocol: //dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm? id=9848 6. John Mills, erectile dysfunction. Antiviral Chemotherapy 5: New Directions for Clinical Applications and Research. 1st erectile dysfunction. Springer, 1999. Print. 7. Jesse B. Hall. Principles of Critical Care. 2nd erectile dysfunction. McGraw-Hill Professional, 1998. Print. 8. Rajesh Krishna. Applications of Pharmacokinetic Principles in Drug Development. 1st erectile dysfunction. Springer, 2003. Print. 9. D. D. Breimer. Pharmacokinetics in liver disease. Pharmacy World A ; Science 9 ( 1987 ) : 79-80. Springer Netherlands. Web. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.springerlink.com/content/v3k70627153310tq/ gt ; . 10. Davey, P. G. Pharmacokineticss in liver disease. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 21 ( 1988 ) : 1-8. OXFORD JOURNALS. Web. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //jac.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/21/1/1 gt ; . 11. Effectss of Liver Disease on Drug Metabolism: Drugs and the Liver: Merck Manual Professional. Merck A ; Co. , Inc. We believe the most of import status is the human 1. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.merck.com/mmpe/sec03/ch024/ch024b.html gt ; .

Greece's solution on its national debt crisis Essay

Greece's solution on its national debt crisis - Essay Example This European debt crisis witnessed in Greece is believed by various economists to have been caused by the structural flaws that came about after a period of great recession that the country had plunged into (Margaronis, 12). The economy of Greece has had deficits for quite a long time that has escalated its borrowing index to a figure the government cannot afford to pay. The 2009 Greece recession is arguably a major reason the country piled this huge European debt that is currently puzzling it (Spiegel). The government is expected to settle a debt of over seven hundred million Euros to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), something that is likely to hurt more the Greece economy. There have been several arguments and discussions from different perspectives with some admitting the situation that is witnessed in Greece currently could not have been avoided given they joined the Eurozone because of the change in currency as well as the policy and regulations that govern member economies (Nelson, Belkin and Derek). Others refute this and blame the economic policy makers for the woes the country is facing. All in all, the nation is in a crisis and a remedy is needed as fast as possible. Numerous actions are being taken to remedy the dire situation that is currently experienced in Greece and bring a solution that could free the nation from the hooks of European debt. First, the move made by Finland to bail out Greece should be lauded. As a matter of fact, Finland government was driven by good motives of saving this country from the global humiliation it is currently exposed to. The most challenging thing about this assistance Finland is offering is the rules that come with it. The IMF and other institutions have all reportedly attempted to find a solution to Greece but nothing much have been achieved. The Finland’s conflict of interest and the mistrust it has on Greece has

Argumentative research paper arguing how negativly the meadia

Argumentative arguing how negativly the meadia influences the masses during times of war - Research Paper Example Yet, both politics and journalism make claims to a standard of objectivity that often hides the political bias in the construction of â€Å"social fact†. It is through shared communication methods such as literature, newspapers, the internet, tv news, etc. that people in modern societies form their views on complex political issues that may affect the lives of millions. Nowhere is this more exemplified than in issues of international relations or foreign policies, and the conduct of war – which has led nations across the world into millions of deaths and untold destruction primarily through the dissemination of political views and ideologies throughout large populations that permitted organized military violence by the State. In general, the television news and newspapers frame the discourse by publishing a type of collective debate between opposing viewpoints as they relate to current events and pertinent issues of social governance in a democracy. As Noam Chomsky writ es in â€Å"The Culture of Terrorism,† "The leveling of discourse within the ideological system is an extremely important matter. Part of the genius of American democracy has been to ensure that isolated individuals face concentrated state and private power alone, without the support of an organizational structure that can assist them in thinking for themselves or entering into meaningful political action, and with few avenues for public expression of fact or analysis that might challenge approved doctrine...adherence to doctrinal truth confers substantial reward: not only acceptance within the system of power and a ready path to privilege, but also the inestimable advantage of freedom from the onerous demands of thought, inquiry and argument. Conformity frees one from the burden of evidence, and rational argument is superfluous while one is marching in an approved parade.† (Chomsky, 1988) The media act as a â€Å"fourth branch† of government, essential to the he althy functioning of a democracy systematically. Minority political groups may be forced to resort to other means to organize their viewpoints and distribute them popularly if they cannot gain mass-media access, but there is little practical guarantee that minority communication channels can compete with mass-media communication networks that dominate the public construction of issues debated in modern societies politically. This is one way that political hegemony may operate in repressing views unfavorable to the status quo of hierarchical power distributions. The media never covers a war neutrally with just the facts. They report stories or fabricate ones that they believe will gain ratings or sell papers. This is the definition of â€Å"Yellow Journalism,† and it can be seen historically as the way that the public was rallied to war, from the early days of Theodore Roosevelt’s â€Å"Rough Rider† raids on Cuba to the modern conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. F rom the establishment of the news empire by William Randolph Hearst, mass-media news sources increasingly pursued a centralized, corporate model of operations that mirror in many ways the development of the superpowers themselves. The Hearst papers had the budget required to â€Å"

Evaluate the ways in which employee and industrial relation issues are Essay

Evaluate the ways in which employee and industrial relation issues are related to strategic HRM - Essay Example d strategic management of human resource assets could allow a company to outperform the competition therefore it is important to understand how strategic HRM can help a company. Businesses may have access to the same level of technology and the tools for production but access to the right kind of human resources is often far more important. Once recruited, keeping employees engaged becomes a difficult task as individuals have to be motivated and developed according to their needs in order to keep them performing at their peak. Strategic HR management can help a company achieve that by earmarking those individuals who show promise and following a system where the highest performing employees are rewarded as well as promoted while the worst performers are asked to leave the company. GE is one company which uses a system of forced employee ranking based on their performance for the company and that system is an important part of the strategic management of human resources for them (Welch, 2005). The system used by GE is simple. Employees are ranked according to their performance without any ties and then the top 20% are rewarded with training, bonuses, stock options and other rewards. Half of all bonuses and management time is spent with the middle 70% but the bottom ten percent of the pile is simply shown the door at the end of the year. They may be shifted to other departments or other divisions of the firm but they are not retained if their performance does not rise sufficiently (Welch, 2005). Welch (2005) suggests that in terms of strategic HRM, the middle 70% is the most valued asset for a company since they do most of the work. With training and attention, this group can produce many stars for the company in the future. However, for the bottom ten percent, performance evaluation reports, employee performance meetings and a record of the missed targets need to be maintained so that when the time comes for the parting of ways, there is no uneasy surprise for

Education Sector Essay Example for Free

Education Sector Essay The typical Indian classroom was once characterized by students sitting through hour-long teacher monologues. Now, technology is making life easier for both students and educators. Schools are increasingly adopting digital teaching solutions to engage with a generation of pupils well-versed with the likes of PlayStations and iPads, and trying to make the classroom environment more inclusive and participatory. Take Smartclass from Educomp Solutions, one of the first Indian companies in this space. Smartclass is essentially a digital content library of curriculum-mapped, multimedia-rich, 3D content. It also enables teachers to quickly assess how much of a particular lesson students have been able to assimilate during the class. Once a topic is covered, the teacher gives the class a set of questions on a large screen. Each student then answers via a personal answering device or the smart assessment system. The teacher gets the scores right away and based on that, she repeats parts of the lesson that the students dont appear to have grasped. Technology makes the teaching-learning process very easy and interesting, says Harish Arora, a chemistry teacher at the Bal Bharti Public School in New Delhi who has been using Smartclass since 2004. For instance, [earlier] it would easily take me one full lecture to just draw an electromagnetic cell on the blackboard. Though I could explain the cell structure, there was no way I could have managed to show them how it really functions. This is where technology comes to our aid now I can show the students a 3D model of the cell and how it functions. Instead of wasting precious time drawing the diagram on the blackboard, I can invest it in building the conceptual clarity of my students. According to Abhinav Dhar, director for K-12 at Educomp Solutions, more than 12,000 schools across 560 districts in India have adopted Smartclass. More importantly, the number is growing at almost 20 schools a day. On average, in each of these schools eight classrooms are using Smartclass. When we launched Smartclass in 2004 as the first-ever digital classroom program, it was an uphill task convincing schools to adopt it, Dhar notes. These schools had not witnessed any change in a century. It is a completely different scenario now. Private schools across India today see [technology] as an imperative. A digital classroom is set to become the bare-minimum teaching accessory in schools, just like a blackboard is today. Dhar recalls that one major roadblock for Educomps proposition in the early days was on the price front. At US$4,000 (at the exchange rate of Rs. 50 to a U. S. dollar) per classroom, schools found the product very expensive. To get over this hurdle, Educomp quickly decided to make the initial investment and gave the schools an option to pay over a period of three to five years. The strategy worked. Enthused by the market response, in January Educomp launched an upgraded version the Smartclass Class Transformation System with more features, including simulations, mind maps, worksheets, web links, a diagram maker, graphic organizers and assessment tools. Huge Potential According to the Indian Education Sector Outlook Insights on Schooling Segment, a report released by New Delhibased research and consultancy firm Technopak Advisors in May, the total number of schools in India stands at 1. 3 million. Of these, private schools account for 20%. Educomps Dhar points out that only around 10% of the private schools have tapped the potential of multimedia classroom teaching whereas in government schools, it has barely made any inroads. The current market size for digitized school products in private schools is around US$500 million, says Enayet Kabir, associate director for education at Technopak. This is expected to grow at a CAGR [compound annual growth rate] of 20% to reach the over US$2 billion mark by 2020. However, the market potential then might get as big as US$4 billion [i. e.if the total population of private schools that could adopt multimedia actually adopt it. ] Apart from this, the current market size for ICT [information and communications technology] in government schools is US$750 million. We expect this to grow five times by 2020 due to the current low level of penetration in government schools. Kabir lists Educomp Solutions, Everonn Education, NIIT, Core Education Technologies, ILFS and Compucom as dominant players in this sector. New entrants include HCL Infosystems, Learn Next, Tata Interactive Systems, Mexus Education, S.Chand Harcourt (India) and iDiscoveri Education. Except for S. Chand Harcourt, which is a joint venture between S. Chand and US-based Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, all the others are Indian firms. A recent trend is that schools in tier two and tier three cities are increasingly adopting the latest technology. Rajesh Shethia, head of sales and marketing at Tata Interactive Systems, which launched Tata ClassEdge in early 2011 and has partnered up with more than 900 schools, says that more than half of the demand for digital classrooms is from tier two and tier three cities. According to Shethia, schools in these smaller cities realize that it is difficult for their students to get as much exposure as students from tier one cities. [So] they proactively subscribe to solutions such as ours, which richly benefit both teachers and students by simplifying the syllabus. Even parents want the best for their wards and are not averse to paying a little extra. They see value in these initiatives by schools to modernize the way teaching is imparted today. Making some back-of-the-envelope calculations Shethia adds: If we consider the top 100,000 private schools in India as the captive market, the potential is approximately two million classrooms of which currently just about 80,000 have been digitized. Srikanth B. Iyer, COO of Pearson Education Services, also sees tremendous potential in the smaller cities. Pearson provides end-to-end education solutions in the K-12 segment. Its multimedia tool, DigitALly, has been adopted in more than 3,000 private schools across India since 2004. DigitALly installations have been growing at three times the market for the past two years, Iyer says. Currently, more than 60% of our customers are from tier two and tier three towns, such as Barpeta (in the state of Assam), Sohagpur (in Madhya Pradesh) and Balia (in Uttar Pradesh). In order to make its offering attractive to the schools, Pearson has devised a monthly payment model under which a school pays around US$2 per student per month. As the price point is affordable, schools across all locations and fee structures find it viable to opt for our solution, Iyer notes. We focus on tier two and tier three towns and cities where penetration is relatively low and desire for adoption of technology is high. HCLs Digischool program, which launched about 18 months ago, has also made a strong beginning, with a client base of more than 2,500 schools. Partnering with State Governments Meanwhile, state governments are also giving a boost to the adoption of technology in schools. Edureach, a divison of Educomp, has partnered with 16 state governments and more than 30 education departments and boards in the country, covering over 36,000 government schools and reaching out to more than 10. 60 million students. Edureach leads the market with 27% of the total schools where ICT projects have been implemented, says Soumya Kanti, president of Edureach. We are looking [to add] 3,000 more schools this fiscal year and 20,000 to 25,000 additional schools in the next five years. As of now, Edureach has created digital learning content in more than 14 regional languages for these projects. In the northern state of Haryana, CORE Education and Technologies is implementing a US$59 million ICT project that aims to benefit 5 million students across 2,622 schools. Five of these schools will be developed as Smart schools. CORE is also implementing ICT projects in the states of Gujarat, Meghalaya, Punjab, Maharashtra and Nagaland. The scope of work in these projects ranges from implementation of computer-aided learning in schools, installing bio-metric devices to monitor attendance of teachers, and setting up computer hardware, software and other allied accessories and equipments. The task has not been an easy one, admits Anshul Sonak, president of CORE. There are several logistical issues. Delivery of equipment to rural areas is a big challenge in itself. There is lack of basic infrastructure either there are no classrooms or there are ones with no windows. Some schools dont even have toilets. Moreover, the power availability in these areas is often poor and we have had to deploy generator sets in many schools. But despite the challenges, educationists are optimistic. Rahul De, professor of quantitative methods and information systems area at the Indian Institute of Management in Bangalore (IIM-B) believes that ICT can have a huge impact on our education system. He points out that ICT can result in increasing the reach [of education] and in keeping the costs low. With increasing penetration of mobile phones and Internet kiosks, the potential is indeed immense, he adds. A study conducted by De in 2009 on the economic impact of free and open source software (FOSS) in India found that it resulted in significant cost savings. FOSS can play a huge role in education, De notes. In the state of Kerala, it has already had a huge impact in both saving costs and providing state-of-the-art access computing to students in government schools. FOSS has a huge number of packages for school students, many of which can be ported to local languages and used in schools. It is also helping disabled students in a big way, by enabling them to access digital resources using audio-visual aids. Edureachs Kanti adds that a study by the Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Development Research in Dharwad in Karnataka in 2006 revealed significant improvement in student enrolment and attendance, as well as a reduction of student dropouts due to ICT interventions. Yet another study conducted by the Xavier Institute of Management in Bhubaneswar in 2007 revealed that computer-aided education has improved the performance of children in subjects such as English, mathematics and science, which are taught through computers using multimedia-based educational content. All in a Tab In line with this increasing interest in technology for school education, there has been a rush of education-focused tablet computers in the market. The most high-profile of these has been Aakash, which was launched by Kapil Sibal, union minister for human resource development, in October 2011. The Aakash project is part of the ministrys National Mission on Education through Information Communication Technology (NME-ICT). It aims to eliminate digital illiteracy by distributing the Aakash tablets to students across India at subsidized rates. While the project itself has become mired in delays and controversy, it has generated a lot of awareness and interest among students around the educational tablet. Meanwhile, DataWind, the Canada-based firm that partnered with the union government for the Aakash project, has also launched UbiSlate7, the commercial version of Aakash. The opportunity for low-cost tablets in India is huge. In the next two years, it will exceed the size of the computer market in India i. e. 10 million units per year, says Suneet Singh Tuli, president and CEO of DataWind. In April, technology firm HCL Infosystems launched the MyEdu Tab, which is priced at around US$230 for the K-12 version. The device comes preloaded with educational applications and also books from the National Council of Educational Research and Training, a government organization. Anand Ekambaram, senior vice-president and head of learning at HCL Infosystems, is in the process of partnering with more than 30 educational institutes across India for MyEdu Tab. MyEdu Tab has content offline and can be accessed over the cloud. It allows students to learn at their own pace, Ekambaram notes. With a topic revision application and a self-assessment engine, students can evaluate their skills and knowledge on their own. Teachers can upload content, which can be accessed by students and parents for tasks such as homework and progress reports on their respective devices. The parent can monitor the progress of his or her child through the cloud-based ecosystem. Earlier this year, Micromax, a leading Indian handset manufacturer, also launched an edutainment device called Funbook. Micromax has also partnered with Pearson and Everonn to make available relevant content for students. Susha John, director and CEO at Everonn, was upbeat at the launch. Digital learning facilitated through tablets will revolutionize the educational space, John said. Everonn has invested in developing content and services targeted toward tablet audiences. To start with, we will offer our school curriculum-learning modules and at home live tuition products on the Funbook. Students can now have access to good teachers, educational content and a great learning experience anytime, anywhere. At Pearson, Max Gabriel, senior vice-president and chief technology officer, is focusing on K-12 content in English to begin with. We are sitting on a huge repository of existing content. Adding the right level of interactivity and richer experience will be our priority. Meanwhile, Educomp is gearing up to launch content that is device agnostic and can be run on any tablet. But even as schools in India are going through this transformation powered by technology, one key question is how big a role technology will play in the education sector. In an earlier interview with India [emailprotected], S. Sadagopan, founder-director at the International Institute of Information Technology in Bangalore, pointed out that there are four parts to learning lectures, library, laboratory and life noting that, Technology plays a critical role in all these. Kabir of Technopak adds another perspective. Despite numerous studies on the impact of ICT in education, the outcomes remain difficult to measure and open to much debate. It needs to be understood that technology is only an enabler and a force multiplier and cannot be treated as a panacea. We believe that impressive gains in teaching-learning outcomes are possible only through an integrated approach rather than a piecemeal intervention. Don Huesman, managing director of Whartons innovation group, recommends caution in considering potential investments in educational technologies. These are very exciting times for online and distance education technologies, but there are risks facing parents, educators and policy makers in evaluating the opportunities these new technologies, and their proponents, represent. Huesman points to the recent growth in high-quality, free, online educational courseware offered on websites like the Khan Academy and the Math Forum, as well as the work of the Open Learning Initiative in developing intelligent cognitive tutors and learning analytics. But such technologies, available from a global network of resources, only provide value when understood, chosen and integrated into a local educational community, he says. As an illustration, Huesman offers the example of cyber kiosks, provided in recent years by foundations at no cost to rural communities in India, exacerbating the gender divide in many traditional communities in which young women congregating at public cyber cafes, also frequented by young men, would be considered taboo. Interventions by governments and NGOs must be inclusive of local community concerns and aware of local political complications, Huesman notes. Globalization: Impact on Education by Satish Tandon, September 2005 The principal objective of education has been the development of the whole individual. The minimum level of education that was necessary to achieve this goal in the agrarian society was basic or primary and in the industrial age, secondary. In the present borderless information society, education needs to be able to respond to additional demands of a rapidly globalizing world by raising awareness of environment, peace, cultural and social diversity, increased competitiveness, and the concept of a global village. Such education is to a knowledge or information society what secondary education was to an industrial economy. Education prepares the individual to connect and live in harmony with the environment around him. Globalization has changed the size, nature and quality of that environment. The challenge for higher education, therefore, is to reform, create and develop systems that prepare the individual to work in a borderless economy and live in a global society. In other words, our educational institutions need to produce global citizens. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 allowed liberal democracies to claim victory for the capitalist system and contributed to increasing the pace of globalization that was already under way. As globalization gained momentum, market substituted political ideology as the dominant force guiding national and global policies. What followed next, therefore, does not seem so illogical. National governments everywhere partly in deference to the ascendancy of the market and partly in response to pressure from the private sector to expand their sphere of activities began to relinquish control over the delivery of social goods. Everything began to be viewed as a commodity that could be produced and delivered by the private sector in line with market forces and according to the principles of supply and demand. One by one water, electricity, postal services, health, and now education, have been turned into a commodity. The withdrawal of state from higher education has also been helped by economists, who have had an overly simple way of assessing the return on investments in higher education. The basic problem is that they have measured the return on education exclusively through wage differentials. With reference to someone who has no education, someone who has been to primary school, someone who has completed secondary school, and someone with a university degree, one can ask how much more each earns than the previous. These differences are then compared to the incremental amounts invested in their education to find the return. The results generally suggest that higher education yields a lower return than primary or secondary education and they have been used to justify the skewing of government budgets and development funds away from higher education institutions. The rate of return calculations are flawed because they do not take account of the full range of benefits to those who receive higher education. For example, higher education can enhance health, openness, peace, and social development, and at the same time reduce disease, bigotry and blind nationalism so the private benefits to the individual and to society are not just the direct labour productivity benefits, as the rate of return analysis suggests. Higher education confers benefits above and beyond enhancing the incomes of those who receive it. And many of these benefits take the form of public goods, such as the contribution of higher education to enterprise, leadership, governance, culture, and participatory democracy, and its potential for lifting the disadvantaged out of poverty. These are all vital building blocks for stronger economies and societies and all routes by which the benefit of investment in higher education multiplies throughout society. Liberal democracies have traditionally operated on the principle of separation of activities in the social sphere just as they have on the principle of separation of powers in the political sphere. The private sector had been given a relatively free hand in the production and delivery of economic goods while the state concentrated on the provision of healthcare, education and other infrastructure goods, also known as public goods. Globalization has changed all that. The rapid expansion of the influence of the private sector at the global level necessitated a corresponding expansion in their sphere of activities by diversifying into the production and delivery of public goods that had always been within the purview of the state. The takeover was swift and remarkable in the sense that the effort did not meet much resistance. One of the major consequences of the globalization of education has been commodification and the corporatization of institutions of higher learning. It is said that the for-profit education market in the United States is worth more than $500 billion in revenue for the involved corporates. More than one thousand state schools have been handed over to corporations to be run as businesses. But there is a fundamental problem with the way business models have been applied to the delivery of education and other public goods. Unthinking adoption of the private sector model prevents the development of a meaningful approach to management in the public services in general or to the social services in particular based on their distinctive purposes, conditions and objectives. There is another, more serious, problem with corporatization of education. Corporations operate on the principles of cost reduction and profit maximization. These require introducing standardization and the packaging of product in compact, measurable, byte-like, configuration. Applied to education, these approaches would possibly negate its basic fabric and purpose. Education has always encouraged and represents openness, inquiry, diversity, research and limitless learning. Corporatization of education would make it elitist the one provided by corporations for the masses and the poor who cannot afford going to the traditional institutions of learning, and the other for the rich and the affluent. The delivery of public goods and services is and should remain the primary responsibility of the state. Representative government may not be the ideal or perfect arrangement for governance but it represents the best that is available, and certainly more desirable than the private sector management of public services such as education. If the state relinquishes its control over education and education policy, we run the risk of diminishing it to the status of a packaged for-profit product which it is not. Openness, diversity, scholarship, research and disinterested learning will be its biggest victims.

Ebola: A Deadly Virus :: Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever

Life is a biological internet in which viruses travel like messages, moving at high speed from node to node and from city to city. They are diverse and wild spread in every plane on the surface of the earth. Ironically, such invisible creatures have a substantially enormous effects on human life and health. In most cases, Viruses are harmful and sometimes deadly. One of these deadly viruses is the Ebola virus, a highly contagious, deadly and mysterious microbe, known to be the most lethal virus known to human kind that have caused many devastation. The mere essence of their existence is not to cause harm, they are living organisms who want to reproduce and spread with the help of a host. The Ebola virus, like most viruses, consists of a shell of proteins surrounding genetic material, like RNA and DNA. Once inside the cell, the virus gets hold to the host cell and the virus may enter the cell as it injects its genetic material into the host cell. The virus then uses the host cell's machinery to replicate themselves and make new copies of itself. Each new copy of the virus directs the host cell to make it a protein shell. The new viruses leave the host cell to other cells and repeat the same process over and over again. Although man is not Ebola's natural host, the virus infects people, and the adventure is suicidal as the infected victims struggle with the symptomsThe infected victim staggers, disoriented and exhausted, and collapses in a fever, which is known as the Haemorrhagic fever. The fever is characterized by weakness, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. The victim's eyes turn bright red, and starts vomiting blood. The tongue peels, and the heart muscle becomes soft. Scientists believe that when the victim get in contact with the virus, the virus first triggers a combination of blood clots and hemorrhages. The patient's bloodstream throws clots, and the clots lodge everywhere, especially in the spleen, liver, and brain, then it settle in the victim throat. Bleeding involves the nose, abdomen, and pericardium. Capillary leakage appears to lead to loss of interavascular volume leading the patient to fall in a shock and acute respiratory disorder leaving the patient desperately trying to gasp their breath.The virus kills its victims so quickly, before it even can infect others. The incubation period for the Ebola virus ranges from 2 to 21 days, depending upon the method of infection.

Organizational Conflict in Noahs Ark Preschool Essay -- Interpreting

Conflicts in an organization impact the employees and the organization itself in a variety of ways. It is a constant hindrance in organizational life due to conflicting goals between managers and workers. In definition, conflict is â€Å"the interaction of interdependent people who perceive incompatible goals and interference from one another in achieving those goals† (George 287). While most individuals perceive conflict as being a negative aspect in a working relationship, others believe it â€Å"allows the opportunity to release built-up tension, stimulate critical thinking, and strengthen relationships† (George 287). I extensively observed the conflicts at Noah’s Ark Preschool and found these conflicts to have both positive and negative effects on the organization and its employees. During my evaluation I focused on how conflicts emerged, how they were managed, and in what ways the organization could improve its conflict management skills. The first step in resolving organizational conflict is to consider the typical sources of conflict (Donais). The sources of conflict are infinite, but some are recurrent and persistent. Poor communication skills can stimulate conflict and lead to misunderstandings between employees or between employee and manager. While conducting my interview, I learned the director of Noah’s Ark, Regina, is frequently vague and inconsistent with instructions. One employee described a situation in which Regina allowed the employees to wear shorts one afternoon—which is against dress code— but disciplined them for wearing shorts the next day. In this situation, lack of communication and information from employer to employee caused a misinterpretation of rules the organization routinely abides by. A difference... ...; How Dangerous Can it Be?."  Yahoo Contributor Network. N.p., 3 Jan. 2011. Web. 28 Apr. 2014. Kuehner-Hebert, Katie. "Mismanaging Workplace Conflicts."  www.HREOnline.com. LRP Publications, 22 Aug. 2012. Web. 28 Apr. 2014. "Association for Conflict Resolution—Giving Voice to the Choices for Quality Conflict Resolution."  Association for Conflict Resolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2014. Segal, Jeanne , and Melinda Smith. "Conflict Resolution Skills."  Turning Conflicts into Opportunities. N.p., 1 Apr. 2014. Web. 28 Apr. 2014. Burrell, Bonnie. "Collaboration Toolbox || MODULE 1 > Conflict Management."Collaboration Toolbox || MODULE 1 > Conflict Management. N.p., 1 Jan. 2001. Web. 28 Apr. 2014. Dreu, Carsten K. W. de.. "Productive Conflict: The Importance of Conflict Management and Conflict Issues."  Using conflict in organizations. London: Sage, 1997. . Print.

Ethical and psychological Egoism Essay

Egoism is the theory suggesting that the motivation and goal of a particular action is the self. Egoism in a general context has two variants, normative and descriptive. The concept of the descriptive variant suggests that egoism as a factual description of human affairs and cannot be described any other way (Moseley, 2006). The normative side gives a conception that individuals should be motivated, without consideration to their current state of motivation (Moseley, 2006). The two variants conflict in principle alone which insinuates a debate on the rightness or wrongness of particular human acts throughout history. Ethical Egoism Ethical Egoism is a normative ethical standpoint which implies moral people should act in accordance to their self-interest. Ethical egoism has three formulations; personal, individual and universal (Waller, 2005). Individual ethical egoism stresses that a person should do what is most beneficial to them (Waller, 2005). Personal ethical egoism suggests that actions should be grounded on a person’s own self-interest without concern to what others around him should do, while the concept of universal ethical egoism holds that everyone should act in the basis of their own interests (Waller, 2005). All in all, virtues that suffice an individual’s self-interest is egoistic, otherwise it is non-egoistic (Waller, 2005). The strong version of Ethical egoism suggests that the promotion of an individual’s own good is moral, not promoting one’s own good is deemed as immoral (Moseley, 2006). The weak version still holds that morality is the promotion of one’s own good, however, it does not necessarily mean that it is immoral (Moseley, 2006). There are just implications of conditions that the evasion of personal interest has a possibility to be moral (Moseley, 2006). Psychological Egoism Psychological Egoism, on-the-other-hand, posits that every human action has an underlying selfishness, and even altruistic acts have inner selfish motivations (Hazlitt & Cook, 1991). Psychological Egoism is a form of egoism under the descriptive variant, suggesting how people should go about themselves. The principles of psychological egoism and its assumtive nature are acquainted to several criticisms that are very crucial (Moseley, 2006). The fallacy of Psychological Egoism  The detractors of Psychological Egoism ground its fallacy on the rejection of the notion that the theory is flawless, that it is structured in such a way that it cannot be approved or disapproved (Hazlitt & Cook, 1991). It is evident on the Psychological egoists’ advocacy that altruism is a mere act of acquiring a good feeling for doing altruistic actions. In a broader scenario, the person doing an act, either selfish or unselfish, is doing what interests him or her which makes the act ultimately selfish (Moseley, 2006). In another note, the fallacy of psychological egoism lies in the suggestion that people only do what makes them feel good. In this context, the description of a Psychological Egoist may project an unselfish person (Moseley, 2006). Furthermore, there is confusion in the concept of psychological egoism found in the object of desire and the subsequent results of the fulfillment of that desire (Moseley, 2006). The Difference between Psychological and Ethical Egoism It is of vital importance to distinguish the two from one another since the two forms of egoism conflict in advocacy, motivation and goal. Ethical Egoism per se, postulates that the promotion of an individual’s own good conforms to the standards of morality (Waller, 2005). In contrast to the Psychological Egoist claim that focuses on how people act, not on how they ought to act. The doctrine of motivation for Ethical Egoism lies within self-interest, while Psychological Egoists are motivated by the rational self-interest, even in an act that tends to be altruistic in nature. Self-Interest and Selfishness Self-interest is defined as an agent that stimulates an individual’s concern over a particular issue or matter. Self-interest is the element that governs human action. Selfishness, meanwhile is the devotion to satisfy one’s own end and interest. It is simply an individual’s concern for personal welfare. Philosophically, the two terms may be synonimous to each other as the two terms may refer to the placement of personal needs above others, however, self-interest and selfishness can be deemed independently as self-interest is a subjective element in a person’s perspective which can be directed to the self or for others.

The Executive Branch of US Government

The Executive Branch of US Government The President of the United States is in charge of the executive branch of the United States federal government. The executive branch is empowered by the U.S. Constitution to oversee the implementation and enforcement of all laws passed by the legislative branch in the form of Congress. As one of the foundational elements of a strong central government as envisioned by America’s Founding Fathers, the executive branch dates to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. Hoping to protect the liberties of individual citizens by preventing the government from abusing its power, the Framers crafted the first three articles of the Constitution to establish three separate branches of government: the legislative, the executive and the judicial. The Role of the  President Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution states: â€Å"The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.†Ã‚   As the head of the executive branch, the President of the United States functions as the head of state representing U.S. foreign policy and as the Commander-in-Chief of all branches of the U.S. armed forces. The president appoints the heads of the federal agencies, including the Secretaries of the Cabinet agencies, as well as the justices of the U.S. Supreme Court. As part of the system of checks and balances, the president’s nominees for these positions require the approval of the Senate. The president also appoints, without the approval of the Senate, more than 300 people to high-level positions within the federal government. The president is elected every four years and chooses his vice president as a running mate. The president is the commander-in-chief of the U.S. Armed Forces and is essentially the leader of the country. As such, he must deliver a State of the Union address to Congress once each year; may recommend legislation to Congress; may convene Congress; has the power to appoint ambassadors to other nations; can appoint Supreme Court justices and other federal judges; and is expected, with his Cabinet and its agencies, to carry out and enforce the laws of the United States. The president may serve no more than two four year terms. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits any person from being elected president more than twice. The Role of the  Vice President The vice president, who also is a member of the Cabinet, serves as president in the event that the president is unable to do so for any reason or if the president steps down. The vice president also presides over the U.S. Senate and can cast a deciding vote in the event of a tie. Unlike the president, the vice president can serve an unlimited number of four-year terms, even under different presidents. The  Roles of the  Cabinet Agencies The members of the President’s Cabinet serve as advisors to the president. The cabinet members include the Vice President and the heads of 15 executive branch departments. With the exception of the vice president, cabinet members are nominated by the President and must be approved by the Senate. The President’s Cabinet departments are:   The Department of Agriculture, among other functions, ensures that the food Americans consume is safe and regulates the nations vast farming infrastructure.The Department of Commerce helps regulate trade, banking and the economy; among its agencies are the Census Bureau and the Patent and Trademark Office.The Department of Defense, which includes the U.S. Armed Forces, protects the nations security and is headquartered at the Pentagon.The Department of Education is responsible for ensuring equal access to a quality education for all.The Department of Energy keeps the U.S. plugged in, regulating utilities, ensuring the security of power supplies and promoting new technology to conserve energy resources.Health and Human Services help keep Americans healthy; its agencies include the Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control, National Institutes of Health and the Administration on Aging.The Department of Homeland Security, established in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, is charged with preventing terrorist attacks in the U.S. and helping to fight the war on terror and includes the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Housing and Urban Development promotes affordable home-ownership and ensures that no one is discriminated against in the pursuit of that goal.Interior is dedicated to protecting and nurturing natural resources, national parks, and wildlife. Among its agencies are the Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Indian Affairs.Justice, led by the Attorney General, enforces the nations laws and includes, among other agencies, the Federal Bureau of Prisons, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).The Department of Labor enforces labor laws and keeps workers safety and rights protected.State is charged with diplomacy; its representatives reflect the United States as part of the world community.The Department of Transportation established the Interstate Highway System and keeps the U.S. transportation infrastructure safe and functioning.Treasury ensures the countrys financial and economic stability, manages federal finances and collects taxes . Veterans Affairs provides medical care for wounded or ill veterans and administers veterans benefits. Phaedra Trethan is a freelance writer and a former copy editor for The Philadelphia Inquirer newspaper.